Gardening

Gardening

horticulture, urban gardening, plant parenting

Gardening is a fulfilling and accessible way to connect with nature, whether you're growing flowers, vegetables or simply tending to houseplants.

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What is gardening?

Gardening is a rewarding activity that anyone can try, whether you have a big backyard or a small apartment balcony. It’s more than just planting flowers – it’s about nurturing life, creating beauty and even growing your own food. Gardening can be as simple or as complex as you like, from easy indoor plants to fully landscaped gardens. It offers a perfect opportunity to step outside, unwind and watch things grow. Plus, there’s a sense of pride and accomplishment when you see, share or eat the results of your hard work. Ready to dig in and start your gardening journey? Let’s get growing!

The best way to learn about it is to try it

Bursts that feature gardening

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Wellbeing benefits

Why gardening is good for you

Gardening lifts mood and reduces stress. Tending plants also encourages physical activity, fosters creativity, and builds purpose.

Gardening is known to lower stress levels by allowing you to focus on simple, hands-on tasks, helping to clear your mind and reduce tension. The repetitive motions of planting, weeding and tending to plants provide a calming rhythm that promotes relaxation (Kaplan & Kaplan, 1989).

Digging, planting and weeding all provide light exercise, helping improve strength, flexibility and overall fitness. Whether you're working on flower beds or tending to vegetables, gardening keeps you moving and active without the intensity of a structured workout (Pretty et al., 2005).

Spending time around plants and in the fresh air has been shown to boost mood and reduce symptoms of anxiety. The simple act of nurturing a garden and watching it flourish creates a sense of accomplishment and joy, contributing to better emotional wellbeing (Ulrich et al., 1991).

Tending to plants and watching them grow encourages concentration and brings you into the present moment. Whether you're planning your garden layout or caring for seedlings, gardening improves mental clarity and helps you stay focused in everyday tasks (Berman et al., 2008).

Gardening offers a direct way to engage with the natural world. By caring for plants, you connect with the cycles of growth, soil, and seasons, fostering a deeper appreciation for nature and the environment around you (Hartig et al., 2003).

Common styles

For those with outdoor space, backyard gardening is a traditional way to grow vegetables, flowers, or herbs directly in the ground, creating a personal, green sanctuary.

These shared spaces allow individuals to cultivate their own plots while fostering a sense of community. Ideal for urban dwellers without access to private gardens, community gardens promote collaboration and sustainable practices.

Perfect for balconies, patios, or small spaces, container gardening involves growing plants in pots or planters. It’s a versatile option, letting you cultivate everything from flowers to vegetables in limited areas.

For those without outdoor space, indoor gardening with pot plants brings nature inside. From small succulents to large leafy plants, indoor gardening improves air quality and adds greenery to your home.

Ways in

Self-led, one-on-one, or in a group

Whether you go it alone, join a group, or work 1:1 with a teacher, we’ve laid out what each path can look like.

Self-ledOne-on-oneGroup

Recommendation for first-timer

1st pick

Recommendation for first-timer Self-led

Ideal for beginners seeking flexibility and simplicity. Start with a few plants at home and gradually build your skills, expanding your garden indoors or outdoors over time.

3rd pick

Recommendation for first-timer One-on-one

Perfect for those who have a complex project in mind or prefer personalised guidance. A consultant or instructor helps with garden design, plant care and troubleshooting.

2nd pick

Recommendation for first-timer Group

Great for those who want to learn from others and work in a shared space. Ideal for people who enjoy social interaction while gardening.

Availability

Widely

Availability Self-led

You can start gardening at any time, whether indoors with pot plants or outdoors in your yard or balcony. Even small spaces like balconies can host herb gardens, or you can grow greens, tomatoes or flowers in containers.

Moderately

Availability One-on-one

Garden consultants or instructors are available, but you’ll need to schedule in advance. Availability may vary by location.

Moderately

Availability Group

Community gardens are common in urban areas but require coordination and there may be long waiting times for availability of plots. You may need to join a local group.

Average cost per session

Free or low cost

Average cost per session Self-led

Low. After the initial setup, ongoing costs can be kept to a minimum.

Basic gardening tools (trowel, watering can) are enough to maintain small gardens on balconies. You can add more as needed, depending on your goals.

Expensive

Average cost per session One-on-one

Private consultations or gardening lessons can vary in cost depending on location, experience and session length.

Moderate costs

Average cost per session Group

$20-$100 – Community gardening requires annual plot rentals and basic tools may be able to be shared.

Special equipment required

Costly equipment

Special equipment required Self-led

Initial setup costs can range from low to hundreds of dollars, depending on how many plants, pots and bags of soil you need. While some basic setups are inexpensive, larger projects or high-quality materials can add up.

None or minimal

Special equipment required One-on-one

Consultants often bring specialised equipment and will guide you on what you need. Personal items like gloves may be recommended.

None or minimal

Special equipment required Group

You may need to invest in personal gloves, trowels, snips and watering cans.

Potential for socialisation & community

Mostly solo

Potential for socialisation & community Self-led

Gardening on your own can be a solitary activity, perfect for those who prefer quiet reflection.

Social potential

Potential for socialisation & community One-on-one

One-on-one consultations are focused on learning, but light conversation and education can be enjoyable.

Highly social

Potential for socialisation & community Group

Community gardening is great for building friendships and learning from experienced gardeners while working together on shared goals.

Safety & skill building

Mixed results

Safety & skill building Self-led

You'll rely on your own research, but resources like online guides and books can help. Mistakes may be discouraging.

Safe & fast

Safety & skill building One-on-one

An instructor or consultant provides personalised advice, ensuring safe gardening practices and faster skill development, whether you're growing simple herbs or designing a full backyard garden.

Safe & fast

Safety & skill building Group

In community gardening, experienced members offer tips, guidance, and safety practices, making it easier to learn and build your skills.

Space or privacy required

Minimal

Space or privacy required Self-led

You can garden in a small space like a windowsill or balcony. Perfect for those with limited outdoor areas.

Minimal

Space or privacy required One-on-one

Consultants often work with you in your own garden, giving you the privacy of home while helping with larger projects like landscaping or creating vegetable gardens.

Some required

Space or privacy required Group

Group gardening or community gardens are in shared spaces, so privacy is limited, but it offers more space than most home gardens.

Ease of scheduling

Very flexible

Ease of scheduling Self-led

Gardening is flexible and can be done anytime that fits your schedule, from morning to evening.

Need to plan

Ease of scheduling One-on-one

You’ll need to book appointments in advance for consultations or lessons, but they can probably accommodate your schedule.

Need to plan

Ease of scheduling Group

Group activities like community gardening are scheduled, requiring you to fit into the group's timeline.

Community gardens may offer personal keys for greater ease of access.

Setup time

Little to none

Setup time Self-led

Gardening at home requires minimal setup. You can pot plants, water and tend to your garden quickly and easily.

Up to 30 mins

Setup time One-on-one

Setting up for a consultation or lesson will take time, but the instructor will guide you through the process.

Up to 30 mins

Setup time Group

Travel to the community garden and preparing your plot may take additional time, along with coordination with others.

Active practice time

Under 20 mins

Active practice time Self-led

You can spend as much or as little time as you like gardening at home. Just watering and tending to pot plants may be 10-20 minutes.

An hour +

Active practice time One-on-one

A typical consultation or lesson can last from one to one and a half hours, allowing for focused learning and practice.

Up to an hour

Active practice time Group

Group gardening sessions are usually around an hour, but larger projects may take more time.

In a community garden you may have the luxury to secure your own individual plot in which case you can decide on your own duration.

Unexpected advantages

Random

Unexpected advantages Self-led

Plants are cheaper to look after than kids or pets and they won’t talk back.

Wholesome

Unexpected advantages One-on-one

You might actually start to produce some food and feel encouraged by your self-sufficiency.

Wholesome

Unexpected advantages Group

You might meet more people in your neighbourhood and expand your social circle through community gardening activities.

Academic research we rate

  1. The impact of gardening on well-being, mental health, and quality of life: an umbrella review and meta-analysis

    I. Panțiru, A. Ronaldson, N. Sima, A. Dregan, R. SimaSystematic Reviews2024

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    Panțiru, I., Ronaldson, A., Sima, N., Dregan, A., & Sima, R. (2024). The impact of gardening on well-being, mental health, and quality of life: an umbrella review and meta-analysis. Systematic Reviews, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-024-02457-9

  2. Indoor Nature Interventions for Health and Wellbeing of Older Adults in Residential Settings: A Systematic Review

    Nicola L Yeo, Lewis R Elliott, Alison Bethel, Mathew P White, Sarah G Dean, Ruth GarsideThe Gerontologist2020

    Full citationHide citation

    Yeo, N. L., Elliott, L. R., Bethel, A., White, M. P., Dean, S. G., & Garside, R. (2019). Indoor Nature Interventions for Health and Wellbeing of Older Adults in Residential Settings: A Systematic Review. The Gerontologist, 60(3), e184–e199. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnz019

  3. The effectiveness of group-based gardening interventions for improving wellbeing and reducing symptoms of mental ill-health in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

    Rebecca Briggs, Paul Graham Morris, Karen ReesJournal of Mental Health2022

    Full citationHide citation

    Briggs, R., Morris, P. G., & Rees, K. (2022). The effectiveness of group-based gardening interventions for improving wellbeing and reducing symptoms of mental ill-health in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Mental Health, 32(4), 787–804. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2022.2118687

  4. Community Garden Initiatives Addressing Health and Well-Being Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Infodemiology Aspects, Outcomes, and Target Populations

    Anna Gregis, Chiara Ghisalberti, Savino Sciascia, Francesco Sottile, Cristiana PeanoInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health2021

    Full citationHide citation

    Gregis, A., Ghisalberti, C., Sciascia, S., Sottile, F., & Peano, C. (2021). Community Garden Initiatives Addressing Health and Well-Being Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Infodemiology Aspects, Outcomes, and Target Populations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1943. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041943

  5. Evidence on the contribution of community gardens to promote physical and mental health and well-being of non-institutionalized individuals: A systematic review

    Tarsila Lampert, Joana Costa, Osvaldo Santos, Joana Sousa, Teresa Ribeiro, Elisabete FreirePLoS ONE2021

    Full citationHide citation

    Lampert, T., Costa, J., Santos, O., Sousa, J., Ribeiro, T., & Freire, E. (2021). Evidence on the contribution of community gardens to promote physical and mental health and well-being of non-institutionalized individuals: A systematic review. PLOS ONE, 16(8), e0255621. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255621

Show all 10 studiesShow fewer studies
  1. Horticultural therapy for general health in the older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

    Zhijie Wang, Yu Zhang, Shanshan Lu, Linlin Tan, Wei Guo, Mark Lown, Xiaoyang Hu, Jianping LiuPLoS ONE2022

    Full citationHide citation

    Wang, Z., Zhang, Y., Lu, S., Tan, L., Guo, W., Lown, M., Hu, X., & Liu, J. (2022). Horticultural therapy for general health in the older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 17(2), e0263598. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263598

  2. A Systematic Review Protocol Investigating Community Gardening Impact Measures

    Jonathan Kingsley, Aisling Bailey, Nooshin Torabi, Pauline Zardo, Suzanne Mavoa, Tonia Gray, Danielle Tracey, Philip Pettitt, Nicholas Zajac, Emily FoenanderInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health2019

    Full citationHide citation

    Kingsley, J., Bailey, A., Torabi, N., Zardo, P., Mavoa, S., Gray, T., Tracey, D., Pettitt, P., Zajac, N., & Foenander, E. (2019). A Systematic Review Protocol Investigating Community Gardening Impact Measures. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(18), 3430. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183430

  3. What is the evidence for the impact of gardens and gardening on health and well-being: a scoping review and evidence-based logic model to guide healthcare strategy decision making on the use of gardening approaches as a social prescription

    Michelle Howarth, Alison Brettle, Michael Hardman, Michelle MadenBMJ Open2020

    Full citationHide citation

    Howarth, M., Brettle, A., Hardman, M., & Maden, M. (2020). What is the evidence for the impact of gardens and gardening on health and well-being: a scoping review and evidence-based logic model to guide healthcare strategy decision making on the use of gardening approaches as a social prescription. BMJ Open, 10(7), e036923. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036923

  4. Gardening is beneficial for health: A meta-analysis

    Masashi Soga, Kevin J. Gaston, Yuichi YamauraPreventive Medicine Reports2016

    Full citationHide citation

    Soga, M., Gaston, K. J., & Yamaura, Y. (2017). Gardening is beneficial for health: A meta-analysis. Preventive Medicine Reports, 5, 92–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.11.007

  5. Nature-based outdoor activities for mental and physical health: Systematic review and meta-analysis

    Peter A. Coventry, JenniferV.E. Brown, Jodi Pervin, Sally Brabyn, Rachel Pateman, Josefien Breedvelt, Simon Gilbody, Rachel Stancliffe, Rosemary McEachan, PiranC.L. WhiteSSM - Population Health2021

    Full citationHide citation

    Coventry, P. A., Brown, JenniferV. E., Pervin, J., Brabyn, S., Pateman, R., Breedvelt, J., Gilbody, S., Stancliffe, R., McEachan, R., & White, PiranC. L. (2021). Nature-based outdoor activities for mental and physical health: Systematic review and meta-analysis. SSM - Population Health, 16, 100934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100934

Safety

Is it finally time for the world to see that you have a green thumb? We know you're eager to get your supplies together and start your growing adventure. Gardening can be a beneficial activity for everyone, but before you head out, read through the following details.

  • Wear protective clothing, a hat and sunscreen where required.
  • Use correct lifting techniques.
  • Follow instructions on pesticides and fertilisers.
  • Stay hydrated.

What you might experience

You’ve gathered your tools, soil and seeds, and you’re standing at the edge of your garden or looking into an empty pot, unsure where to start. It’s common to feel a little uncertain when you first begin. Start by preparing the soil – whether in the ground or in pots, make sure it’s loose and ready to nourish your seeds. Once you begin, you’ll find a rhythm.

You dig the first hole or fill the first pot, placing the seeds gently into the soil. There’s something unexpectedly enjoyable about working with your hands, feeling the earth and carefully setting things in place. The process of planting can feel rewarding as you begin to create something for your home.

You water the seeds and wonder if you’ve added too much or too little. It’s natural to question your first attempts, but most seeds are more resilient than they look. As long as you’ve followed basic instructions – moist, but not soaked, soil – you’re on the right track. Gardening is all about small adjustments and learning as you go.

As you step back and admire your work, a sense of enjoyment starts to wash over you. The simple act of tending to the soil and planting the seeds brings a quiet satisfaction. Many beginners find that gardening offers a surprising sense of relaxation, drawing them into the moment.

With everything planted, you feel a sense of accomplishment and curiosity. You may not see immediate results today, but the anticipation of what will grow is exciting. It’s perfectly normal to feel eager for those first signs of life. You’ve started your own small garden, and the journey of watching your plants grow has just begun.

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